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- $Unique_ID{BRK03826}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Hodgkin's Disease}
- $Subject{Hodgkin's Disease Hodgkin Disease Hodgkin's Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's
- Lymphoma Burkitt's Lymphoma Infectious Diseases }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 662:
- Hodgkin's Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Hodgkin's Disease) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Hodgkin Disease
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Burkitt's Lymphoma
- Infectious Diseases
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Hodgkin's Disease is a form of cancer of the lymphatic system, especially
- the lymph nodes. Tumors occur in the lymph nodes (places where lymphatic
- vessels unite) and/or the area around the nodes. Fever, night sweats, and
- weight loss may occur along with swollen lymph nodes.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Usually, the first sign of Hodgkin's Disease is a swollen lymph node. Two-
- thirds of the time, a lymph node in the neck is affected. Otherwise, lymph
- nodes in the armpits, chest, groin, or abdomen are affected. The disease may
- spread to other lymph nodes, the area around the nodes, the spleen, liver,
- lungs, and bone marrow. Some patients may also have fever, night sweats,
- weight loss, and rarely, bone pain.
-
- Examination of the affected lymph node tissue by a pathologist shows
- particular cells called Reed-Sternberg cells.
-
- It is important to determine how far the disease has spread since this
- determines the appropriate treatment program. Usually physicians use the Ann
- Arbor Classification System to determine what 'stage' the disease is in. The
- stage depends on the number and location of malignant sites, whether or not
- the sites are lymphatic or not, and the presence or absence of weight loss,
- fever, and sweats.
-
- Causes
-
- Like most forms of cancer, the exact cause of Hodgkin's Disease is not known.
- It might be caused by an infectious agent, such as a virus. Rarely, cases of
- Hodgkin's Disease have been clustered in a particular geographic area or in a
- family.
-
- Affected Population
-
- The majority of Hodgkin's Disease patients are between 15 and 40 years of age
- at diagnosis. A smaller number are affected after the age of 50. If the
- cells of the affected lymph nodes are examined, four disease types can be
- recognized. One type predominantly affects young women and is the most
- common. The second and third most common types usually affect older males and
- teenage males, respectively. The rarest type occurs more often in older
- patients.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Hodgkin's
- Disease. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas are a group of cancers of the lymphatic system.
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or groin occur and usually spread throughout
- the body. Anemia (abnormally low levels of red blood cells), leukemia
- (abnormally high levels of abnormal white blood cells), weight loss, fever,
- night sweats, and weakness may also occur. The cause of Non-Hodgkin's
- Lymphoma is unknown but it may be caused by a virus. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- may occur at any age.
-
- Burkitt's Lymphoma is a lymphatic system cancer that affects the lymph
- nodes as well as other areas of the body. Tumors may occur in the kidneys,
- gonads, bone marrow, or central nervous system as well as the lymph nodes.
- Burkitt's Lymphoma may be infectious. It rarely occurs in the United States
- and is more common in Central Africa.
-
- The presenting symptoms of Hodgkin's Disease may mimic many infectious
- diseases. One of the symptoms of leukemia and other forms of cancer may be
- enlarged lymph nodes. It is important to rule out these other possibilities,
- before a diagnosis can be made.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease depends on the stage of the disease.
- Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are treatment options.
-
- Radiotherapy destroys lymphocytes and shrinks enlarged lymph nodes.
-
- Chemotherapy involves the use of 'anticancer' drugs. There are several
- drug regimens now in use. The drug combination of nitrogen mustard, Oncovin
- (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone is called MOPP. The use of
- Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and decarbazine (DTIC) is
- called ABVD. MOPP and ABVD have been used together, alternating every month.
- MOP-BAP is the use of nitrogen mustard, Oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine,
- bleomycin, Adriamycin, and prednisone. Chlorambucil, vinblastine,
- procarbazine, and prednisone is known as ChlVPP. All these drugs may produce
- adverse side effects and must be carefully monitored by a doctor.
-
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- The drug Leukine, manufactured by Immunex Corp., has received FDA
- approval for the treatment of Hodgkin's Disease.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The National Cancer Institute conducts clinical trials on new drugs being
- tested for Hodgkin's Disease and other forms of cancer. To learn about
- locations of these investigations, contact the Cancer Information Service, 1-
- 800-4-CANCER.
-
- The French pharmaceutical manufacturer, FOURNIER, is developing the drug
- LF1695, which may restore the immune system in children with Hodgkin's
- Disease, Schwachman Syndrome, and Chagas Disease. Physicians interested in
- obtaining LF1695 may contact:
-
- Fournier Labs
- BP90, Daix,
- 21121 Fontaine
- Les Dijon, France
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Hodgkin's Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Cancer Society
- 1599 Clifton Rd., NE
- Atlanta, GA 30329
- (404) 320-3333
-
- NIH/National Cancer Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 31, Rm. 1A2A
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- 1-800-4-CANCER
-
- The National Cancer Institute has developed PDQ (Physician Data Query), a
- computerized database designed to give the public, cancer patients and
- families, and health professionals quick and easy access to many types of
- information vital to patients with this and many other types of cancer. To
- gain access to this service, call:
-
- Cancer Information Service (CIS)
- 1-800-4-CANCER
- In Washington, DC and suburbs in Maryland and Virginia, 636-5700
- In Alaska, 1-800-638-6070
- In Oahu, Hawaii, (808) 524-1234 (Neighbor islands call collect)
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 986.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 1094-1104.
-
- WINNING THE BATTLE AGAINST HODGKIN'S DISEASE: K. Consalvo & M. Gallagher;
- RN (December, 1986). Pp. 20-25.
-
- TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR HODGKIN'S DISEASE: G. Bonadonna; Semin Hematol
- (April, 1988: issue 25(2 suppl 2)). Pp. 51-57.
-
-